The Lost Fort

My Travel and History Blog, Focussing mostly on Roman and Mediaeval Times


19 Jul 2013
  The Most Popular Post in the Roman Empire - The Signal Station at Scarborough Castle

Aelius Rufus: If you like a desolate place with lots of cold wind, rain and fog, that is.

Gabriele: But, Aelius Rufus, it has a splendid view over the bay of Scarborough and the sea. And with the hot summer we got right now, I would not mind some cold wind.

A. So that's why you haven't been blogging. Spent all the time in the baths, eh?

G. I wish I could have, Aelius Rufus. We could have met there. *grin* I admit I did spend some time on the balcony, but mostly it was work. You know how that is.

View towards the remains of the signal station and the chapel (left)

A. I do. *sigh* But back to the splendid view from the signal station. Hah, there was fog all over. I remember you muttering that it won't be of any use to catch the view with that little picture box since all there would be was a white blob. And that you should have brought your gloves because of that icy blast. Makes you wonder if the signal stations could see each other in the first place. Merlinus told me there had been a chain of signal stations along the Yorkshire coast all the way from Filey, Scarborough, Ravenscar, Goldsborough and Huntcliffe, and maybe one at Whitby as well, to warn of Pictish raids, and another chain down in the south, called the Saxon shore.

G. Yes. The stations down in the south are a bit earlier, late 3rd to early 4th century, while those in the north date to the later 4th century. The one at Scarborough was assumed to have been built at the time of Count Theodosius under the emperor Valentinian after the 'Barbarian Conspiracy' in 367, but now it is thought to date to the ursurper Magnus Maximus who ruled in Britain AD 383-388.

A. Another of those wannabe emperors in Britannia and Gallia?

G. Yes. He had his headquarters in Augusta Treverorum (Trier). He was eventually defeated by Valentinian II and made his way straight into British and Welsh legend.

A. That ... Macsen Wledig - how in the name of Apoll do you pronounce those names - guy Merlinus keeps telling about?

Overall layout

G. The one. And I admit, Scarborough Castle is an uncomfortable place on a dreary day. But don't tell me the officers tell you the truth about any post they deploy you to.

A. No, and nor would they have told us that the place had run out of wood to feed the signal fire and the Picts were going to attack again. And that the next Roman fort is in Eboracum.

G. Yeah, that's not exactly close, not even in present times, certainly not with British public transport. But the situation of the signal station is sound from a military point of view. On top of a cliff on a headland stretching out into the sea, with a well, and offering a view to the coast north and south of it, and a harbour basically at its foot.

A. If there ever was one. My time traveling friend Merlinus - whom I asked because that signal station dates past my time - didn't find any proof, and nor did those archaeologists from your time. There are only some arguments that logically, there should have been a harbour.

Another overview, with the gate to the left

G. Too bad that the observations of your time traveling friend won't be accepted by either archaeologists or historians. It would solve a few research hassles. The problem is that part of the cliff crashed down at some point, cutting off the eastern end of the signal station, and we don't know what it may have buried and washed into the sea. The first undisputed traces of a harbour indeed date to the 12th century and coincide with the first establishment of the stone castle on the headland (1157-1164).

A. So your knights liked cold and dreary places, too, eh?

G. As did the AngloSaxons. They built a chapel on the remains of the signal station about AD 1000. Which makes for the mess of foundations you can see today.

A. I guessed someone had tampered with the place. The Romans would never have built anything so asymmetrical, you have to give them that. Only the square of walls - well, mounds rather, nowadays - and ditches still displays a decent Roman pattern.

Closeup of the ditch

G. And the gate; those foundations are Roman, too. So let's show our readers what a 4th century Roman signal station, standard version, looked like. The ditches and earthen walls surrounded a courtyard of about 33 square metres (about 100 feet) which was in turn protected by a wall, usually timber palisades on a stone foundation, with D-shaped watch towers in each corner. Some later ones were built all in stone. Inside this sat the square tower that held the signal fire on its top. You can see the layout better on this aerial photo (from the Roman Britain website).

A. Now there's an interesting picture. How on earth do you get those; don't tell me people in your time can fly around with those picture boxes.

G. Oh yes, we can. But it needs an aviation machine and those are terribly expensive even to hire, so I won't take any aerial photos. But the army uses them to transport soldiers and equipment, for example. You can also hire a seat in one if you want to travel long distances.

A. By Jupiter, that would have saved our legates some headaches organising supply lines.

Remains of the gate house

G. The foundations of the tower proper - 45-50 feet square - were around four and a half feet thick and the tower may have been about 20 to 25 metres high. Later, some towers were strengthened to eight feet thick walls and could be about 100 feet high.

A. Feet and metres, can't those Brits decide for one?

G. Not in their guide books, it seems. And I'm too lazy to do the conversions. There are post holes which points at timber platforms inside the tower, but the garrison didn't live in the tower but in barracks in the yard between tower and outer wall. Some signal stations, like Ravenscar ten miles north of Scarborough, had a fortlet attached - its remains are now hiding under a hotel.

A. Too bad, that way your archaeologists can't get at them. So, what happened after the Romans left Britannia?

The well

G. The signal stations fell into decline if they were not used for different purposes. As I said, there are remains of an AngloSaxon chapel dedicated to St.Mary, dating to about AD 1000. The well on the promontory may have played a role in chosing this place, as well as the Roman stones. The chapel has been altered in later times and was still in use when the castle was inhabited. Other places like Ravenscar were destroyed by Viking raiders, but there's no archaeological proof for such an incident at Scarborough. They may have plundered the chapel, but they did not destroy it.

A. Roman walls will withstand Viking axes, maybe. I suspect it was the endless rain that brought down the place. *wink* And that landslide you mentioned.

G. Yes, coastal erosion is a problem for a lot of sites, not only in Northumbria.

View from the northern corner, with the curtain wall of the castle in the background

A. So you did not visit any more Roman sites this time?

G. Unfortunately not. Aldborough was closed, and there is no Roman presence on Orkney.

A. Can't blame them. Even more wind and more rain.

G. Well, wind there was, but no rain while I was staying there. But I got some Pictish brochs for you.

A. Then better don't wait a month again to what's it called, ...update this blog.
 




The Lost Fort is a travel and history blog based on my journeys in Germany, the UK, Scandinavia, the Baltic Countries, and central Europe. It includes virtual town and castle tours with a focus on history, museum visits, hiking tours, and essays on Roman and Mediaeval history, illustrated with my own photos.


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I'm a blogger from Germany with a MA in Literature and History, interested in everything Roman and Mediaeval, avid reader and sometimes writer, opera enthusiast, traveller with a liking for foreign languages and odd rocks, photographer, and tea aficionado. And an old-fashioned blogger who still hasn't got an Instagram account.
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The Baltic Sea

A Baltic Sea Cruise

The Curonian Spit in Lithuania
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Geology of the Curonian Spit



Mediaeval History

General Essays

by Country
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Famous Romans
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Post-Mediaeval History
History and Literature
Geology


Mediaeval History

General Essays

Mediaeval Warfare

Sieges
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Late Mediaeval Swords

Mediaeval Art and Craft

Mediaeval Art
The Choir Screen in the Cathedral of Mainz
The Gospels of Heinrich the Lion
The Hunting Frieze in Königslutter Cathedral
Mediaeval Monster Carvings
The Viking Treasure of Hiddensee

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The Beginnings
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The privilege of the deditio

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The History of the Hanseatic League
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Goods and Trade
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Riga
Stralsund
Tallinn / Reval

The Order of the Teutonic Knights

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The Siege of Vilnius 1390

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The Viking Treasure of Hiddensee

Viking Ships
The Nydam Ship


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Germany

Geneaology

List of Mediaeval German Emperors
Anglo-German Marriage Connections

Kings and Emperors

The Salian Dynasty
King Heinrich IV

Staufen against Welfen
Emperor Otto IV

Princes and Lords

House Welfen
Heinrich the Lion's Ancestors
The Dukes of Braunschweig-Grubenhagen
Otto the Quarrelsome of Braunschweig-Göttingen

The Landgraves of Thuringia
The Ludowing Landgraves of Thuringia
Albrecht II and Friedrich I of Thuringia

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Duke Otto of Northeim
Prince Wilhelm Malte of Putbus

Counts and Local Lords
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The Counts of Everstein
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The Counts of Winzenburg

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Royal Troubles
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Local Feuds
The Lüneburg Succession War
The Thuringian Succession War
The Star Wars


England

Kings of England

House Plantagenet
Richard Lionheart in Speyer
King Henry IV's Lithuanian Crusade

Normans, Britons, Angevins

Great Noble Houses
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Contested Borders

Northumbria
King Stephen's Troubles with King David of Scots


Scotland

Kings of Scots

House Dunkeld
Malcolm III and Northumbria
Struggle for the Throne: Malcolm III to David I
King David and the Civil War, Part 1
King David and the Civil War, Part 2

Houses Bruce and Stewart
The Early Stewart Kings

Local Troubles

Clan Feuds
MacLeans and MacDonalds
A Scottish Wedding

Scotland and England

The Wars of Independence
Alexander of Argyll
The Fight for Stirling Castle


Wales

Welsh Princes

The Princes of Gwynedd
The Rise of House Aberffraw

Wales and England

A History of Rebellion
Llywellyn ap Gruffudd to Owain Glyn Dŵr


Denmark

Kings of Denmark

House of Knýtlinga
Harald Bluetooth's Flight to Pomerania

Danish Rule in the Baltic Sea

The Duchy of Estonia
Danish Kings and German Sword Brothers


Norway

Kings of Norway

Foreign Relations
King Eirik's Scottish Marriages
King Håkon V's Swedish Politics
Beginnings of the Kalmar Union

Feuds and Rebellions

Rebels
Alv Erlingsson of Tønsberg


Sweden

Troubles and Alliances

Scandinavian Unity
Beginnings of the Kalmar Union


Livonia
(Latvia and Estonia)

Contested Territories

Livonian Towns
The History of Mediaeval Riga
The History of Mediaeval Tallinn


Lithuania

Lithuanian Princes

The Geminid Dynasty
Troublesome Cousins - Jogaila and Vytautas

The Northern Crusades

The Wars in Lithuania
The Siege of Vilnius 1390


Poland

Royal Dynasties

The Jagiełłonian Kings
Władysław Jagiełło and the Polish-Lithuanian Union

The Northern Crusades

The Conquest of Pomerania / Prussia
The Conquest of Danzig


Bohemia

Royal Dynasties

The Bohemian Kings of House Luxembourg
King Sigismund and the Hussite Wars


Luxembourg

House Luxembourg
King Sigismund


Flanders

More to come


Roman History

The Romans at War

Forts and Fortifications

The German Limes
The Cavalry Fort Aalen
Limes Fort Osterburken
Limes Fort Saalburg

The Hadrian's Wall
Introduction
The Fort at Segedunum / Wallsend

Border Life
Exercise Halls
Mile Castles and Watch Towers
Soldiers' Living Quarters
Cavalry Barracks

Campaigns and Battles

Maps
The Romans in Germania

The Pre-Varus Invasion in Germania
Roman Camp Hedemünden
New Finds in 2008

The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest
Museum Park at Kalkriese

The Battle at the Harzhorn
Introduction

The Batavian Rebellion
A Short Introduction

Roman Militaria

Armour
Early Imperial Helmets
Late Roman Helmets
The Negau B Helmet

Weapons
Weapon Finds at Hedemünden
The pilum
Daggers
Swords

Other Equipment
Roman Saddles


Famous Romans

The Late Empire

Alaric
The Legend of Alaric's Burial


Roman Life and Religion

Religion and Public Life

Religion
Curse Tablets and Good Luck Charms
Isis Worship
Memorial Stones
The Mithras Cult

Public Life
Roman Transport: Barges
Roman Transport: Amphorae and Barrels
Roman Water Supply

Architecture
Roman Public Baths

Domestic Life

Roman villae
Villa Urbana Longuich
Villa Rustica Wachenheim

Everyday Life
Bathing Habits
Children's Toys
Face Pots


Other Times

Neolithicum to Iron Age

Germany

Development of Civilisation
European Bread Museum, Ebergötzen
The Hutewald Project in the Solling
Open Air Museum Oerlinghausen

Neolithic Remains
Stone Burials of the Funnelbeaker Culture
The Necropolis of Oldendorf

Bronze Age / Iron Age
The Nydam Ship

Scotland

Neolithic Orkney
The Neolithic Landscape of Orkney
Ring of Brodgar
Skara Brae
Life in Skara Brae

Bronze Age / Iron Age
Clava Cairns
The Brochs of Gurness and Midhowe - Their Function in Iron Age Society

Scandinavia

Bronze / Iron Age
The Ship Setting of Gnisvärd / Gotland


Post-Mediaeval History

Explorers and Discoveries

Explorers
Fram Expedition to the North Pole
Fram Expedition to the South Pole

Discoveries
Otto von Guericke and the Magdeburg Hemispheres
Raising a Wreck, Now and Then (Vasa Museum in Stockholm)


History and Literature

Germany

The Weimar Classicism
Introduction


Geology

Geological Landscapes: Germany

Baltic Sea Coast
Chalk Cliffs on Rugia
Flint Fields on Rugia

Harz Mountains
Bode Valley and Rosstrappe Cliff
The 'Hübichenstein' Rock
Karst Formations in Southern Harz
The Lonau Falls
The Rhume Springs
Sandstone Formations: Daneil's Cave
Sandstone Formations: Devil's Wall
Sandstone Formations: The Klus Rock

Meissner / Kaufunger Wald
Blue Dome near Eschwege
Diabase and Basalt Formations
Karst Formations
Salt Springs at the Werra

Solling-Vogler
Raised Bog Mecklenbruch
Hannover Cliffs

Geological Landscapes: Great Britain

The Shores of Scotland
Staffa

Geological Landscapes: Baltic Sea

Lithuania
Geology of the Curonian Spit

Fossils and Other Odd Rocks

Fossilized Ammonites
The Loket Meteorite (Czechia)



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