The Lost Fort

My Travel and History Blog, Focussing mostly on Roman and Medieval Times


13 Aug 2009
  Mull - From Craignure to Fionnphort

I managed to take some photos from the bus though it was tricky. The best chances were when the bus had to stop to let a car pass on the single track road. The bus tour takes about an hour and goes through some of the most scenic parts of Mull.

Glen More

In the morning, the weather was pretty bad - typical Scottish, people say, though my experiences included a lot of sunshine both times I went to Scotland. There are eagles in Glen More, but they must have kept elevenses; we didn't see any. That's a Swiss bus in front of us. 
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9 Aug 2009
  Dunstaffnage Castle - An Ancient MacDougall Stronghold

Dunstaffnage Castle stands on a rock promontory where Loch Etive meets the Firth of Lorn, thus guarding the entrance into central Scotland via Loch Etive and the Pass of Brander. The promontory also shelters Dunstaffnage Bay from the westerly winds and provides a good harbour.

The castle looks forbidding from the outside, but it's actually a nice place to visit on a sunny summer afternoon. And because someone is bound to ask - yes, there was a plotbunny hiding in the entrance archway. :)

Dunstaffnage Castle

The rock foundation and castle walls rise to 15 metres and more, with the entrance several metres above ground. In former times, the way between the outer staircase and the gates was additionally protected by a drawbridge. Definitely not an easy place to get into back in the Middle Ages. Today you only need to pay your fee in the house outside the castle, ascend the stairs and cross a solid wooden bridge, without danger of someone shooting arrows at you from the - now completely ruined - corner tower. 
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4 Aug 2009
  West Highland Line Impressions

This one can probably called a pic spam post, lol. Just some photos I took on the train from Glasgow to Oban. I'm very busy writing right now and too lazy to do a long post.

A train of the West Highland Line

The West Highland railway line is considered one of the most scenic in the world. It goes from Glasgow to Fort William and Mallaig, with a side line branching off to Oban at Crianlarich.
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28 Jul 2009
  Edinburgh Views

My first afternoon in Edinburgh was a sunny one - the clouds never got in the way but added nicely to a more interesting sky in the pictures.

Firth of Forth, seen from the castle

Ten years ago I visited Edinburgh Castle on a cold, misty morning which lent it a menacing air. But I had the place more or less to myself. This time I visited on a sunny afternoon which makes the castle look more accomodating. The flip side were lots of tourists walking through my photos. 
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22 Jul 2009
  Staffa

The tour from Fionnphort / Mull to Staffa took place during some of the few hours of rain I had on my trip. The other one had been Inchcolm where I bought a rain cape in the gift shop (Historical Scotland knows why they sell those, lol), and it proved useful in the open boat to Staffa as well.

Staffa is a small island (200x600 metres) in the Inner Hebrides, famous for its unusual hexagonal basalt columns. It became a tourist attraction in the late 18th century after Sir Joseph Banks waxed poetic about its natural beauty that rivalled the temples in Greece.

Approaching Staffa

Staffa has severall caves (the photo above shows Boat Cave), the most famous is Fingal's Cave, named after James MacPherson's Ossianic hero Finn mac Cumhail in the 18th century. Its older name was An Uamh Binn - cave of melodies, because of the echos in the cave. Fingal's Cave is a sea cave (formed by the waves of the sea), 10 m wide and 70 m long, the walls consisting of the hexagonal basalt columns for which Staffa is known.
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13 Jul 2009
  Passing by Dunollie and Kilchurn Castles

When traveling around, you not only see lots of landscape (far more than you can ever photograph out of moving vehicles) but also a few interesting buildings. I managed to catch two castles on my journey which I didn't really visit, but of which I got some nice pictures nevertheless.
Dunollie Castle

The one that looks like some Maya ruins in the rainforest is Dunollie Castle near Oban which I caught from the sun deck of the Mull ferry.
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24 Jun 2009
  Crossing to Mull

I took the ferry from Oban to Craignure / Mull twice. The first pics were taken on a sunny early afternoon with a stiff breeze going on. There were some drama queen clouds, but they never did any harm.

Kerrera
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18 Jun 2009
  My Scotland Tour 2009

Here's the the usual introductory post with pictures of places I've visited.

Edinburgh Castle

I started with Edinburgh. I had visited town and castle back in 1998, but this time the weather was much nicer. Edinburgh is also a good starting point to explore some places in the surroundings. 
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5 May 2009
  Spring Impressions from Göttingen

Because it's raining I wanted to share some pictures of a sunny evening. Follow me on a walk through the Old Botanical Garden (Alter Botanischer Garten) in Göttingen.


The garden lies directly outside the Mediaeval town walls and has a size of 5 hectares. There are a new botanical garden and a forestry garden outside the modern town, but the old garden possesses more charm; and it provides a shortcut from the centre to the Archaeological Institute.
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28 Apr 2009
  The Palatine Seat and Monastery of Pöhlde

Or what is left of them, which is not much. Pöhlde is a sleepy village today, especially on a warm Easter sunday afternoon, but it once played an important role in history as one ofthe palatine seats of the German emperors. Today only a few foundations of those old buildings are left, and a 17th century church with some pretty Renaissance wood paintings showing Biblical themes. The interior has been renovated last year to protect the wood from water damage.

Pöhlde Church, seen from the west

Pöhlde is first mentioned as Polithi in a charte dating from 927 in which Heinrich I 'the Fowler' (919-936) gave the palatine seat, at that time more or less a country estate, to his wife Mathilde. She lived there as widow and gifted parts of the land to the Church to have a monastery built. Her son Otto I granted the monastery of Pöhlde a number of priviledges; and it developed into an important and rich one with territorial possessions and tithing rights spreading as far Frisia. The palatine seat at Pöhlde became the so called Weihnachtspfalz of the Ottonian emperors, the place where family and court would meet during Christmas. 
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14 Apr 2009
  Spring at the Rhume Springs

The Rhume river, a tributary of the Leine that flows through Göttingen, has an unusual source: a karstic spring south of the Harz mountains. The rock there is gypsum karst, and the water that seeps into the ground from the Harz rivers Sieber and Oder flows under the ground until it comes to light again in the funnel shaped well of the Rhume.


Colour tracking done in 1930 showed the connections between the Harz rivers and the Rhume. The karstic stone is rich in hollow spaces where water can find its way, and the Harz rivers bring with them a lot of rain that leads to the high output of the Rhume well. 
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28 Mar 2009
  More Anglo-German Marriage Connections and Geneaology Fun

When the German king Heinrich the Fowler looked for a suitable bride for his son Otto (912-979), he contacted King Æthelstan of Wessex who sent two of his-half sisters on a visit. Otto, the future Duke of Saxony and King of East Francia, would make a fitting brother-in-law for the king of Wessex, and both Æthelstan and Otto shared an enemy in the Danes who had that habit of making unannounced visits to the coasts of England and northern Germany. For the young House of the Liudolfings on the other hand, a daughter of Edward the Elder and granddaughter of Alfred the Great would support their claim to the kingship. After all, the West Francian Carolingians still presented some competition.

Magedburg Cathedral, sculpture form 1250, likely depicting Otto I and Eadgytha

Otto decided for Editha (Eadgytha) who was said to have been of royal bearing and sweet disposition (1). The marriage took place in 930 and Editha got the income from the bishopric of Magdeburg as morning gift. Her tomb was discovered in the cathedral of Magdeburg in November 2008. 
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23 Mar 2009
  An Unfortunate Emperor

Here is the first of the posts about Otto IV in honour of the 800 year anniversary of his coronation as Holy German Emperor.

Some pictures of the Harzburg where Otto died in 1218 will illustrate this post. The Harzburg is a hilltop castle, one of the few that could have competed with the Norman whoppers once. Today not much is left, but a few featuers have been reconstruced to give an impression of its former splendour.

Harzburg, outer curtain wall

The castle had been built by Heinrich IV, was destroyed during his wars with the Saxon nobles and rebuilt in the 12th century when it was an Imperial possession. Later it fell to the Welfen family. 
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2 Mar 2009
  The Ffwrwm

No, not an unknown prehistoric lizard or some mythological wyrm, but a garden in Caerleon. The name derives from the Latin forum, and with its craft shops, art gallery and restaurant the ffwrwm resembles an odd miniature forum cozily cuddled between the walls of an 18th century town garden. I found it by chance when looking for a place to have a lunch snack.

The Ffwrwm Garden in Caerleon, with one of Harrison's carved thrones to the left

The garden is a charming mix of shrubs and trees - most of the old and gnarled - antique statues, and modern art showing scenes from the Arthurian myths that are connected with Caerleon. The wood carvings, inspired by the Mabinogion, were done by Ed Harrison. There is also a metal statue depicting the final battle between Arthur and Mordred. 
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15 Feb 2009
  Hazy Welsh Views, With Castles

Few of the photos I took of the Welsh landscape are not veiled by the hazy atmosphere, but judging from the picutures in my guidebook that problem is a persistant one. Does something like a clear Welsh sky actually exist?

Mountains at Dolwyddelan Castle

Of all the castles I visited, Dolwyddelan was the one with the most spectacular location, and the one offering the best climb. A bit like those German hilltop castles, just with fewer tourists and more sheep. The view of the Conwy Vale is breathtaking.
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11 Feb 2009
  Outside the Saalburg Fortress

Here's another quick picture post, showing the vicus outside the Saalburg. Almost all Roman frontier forts attracted a settlement at their threshold where the inofficial families of the soldiers, craftsmen and traders lived. Some of those villages developed from the local huts into a more sophisticated place with stone-built forum, baths and temples.

The main gate seen from the outside

Contrary to the fortress, the vicus has not been reconstructed except for the mithraeum, but the foundations that appeared during excavations in the 19th century have been preserved.
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7 Feb 2009
  Pembroke Pictures

I've had a busy week and the next one doesn't look any better; right now I don't even get as much writing done as I want, thanks to the complicated mess that is business administration studies. So it will only be a photo post today. I chose a collection of another southern Welsh castle: the famous Pembroke.

Pembroke Castle in the evening sun

There will be a post with more information later, but for now let's enjoy what my Travel in Wales guidebook calls a 'big, whopping caste.' The castle and the main road more or less make the town of Pembroke. The disadvantage is that the station is at one end of the road and the castle (and my hotel) at the other. Dragging luggage made that road appear very long.
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22 Jan 2009
  The Caledonians Are Coming!

Today the view from the remains of a fortress tower or mile castle along the Hadrian's Wall shows a peaceful scenery.

View from the ruins of a mile castle near Birdoswald

Back when the towers still stood proud, a Roman sentinel on guard service may have seen something else. 
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19 Jan 2009
  Roman Weapons

Since I came back from my visit to the Saalburg fortress in 2007 with a lot of photos; I got some more for you. How about a few sharp and pointy toys for the big boys?


Roman swords of the gladius type, with metal (to the left below) and bone (upper rows left) sheath mountings, and sword strap buckles (to the right).
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16 Jan 2009
  Roman Pottery

I'm not a specialist in Roman pottery, but I've seen enough of it to get an image what a Roman table may have looked like. I've also eaten from the replica of Roman tableware in restaurants that serve Roman dishes. Which make for some interesting taste experiences, but that's another topic. (And no, stuffed dormouse was not on the menu, lol.)

The terra sigillata style Roman pottery was a mass product; shards of it can be found pretty much everywhere the Romans stayed for longer than an hour, and trade spread it even outside the spheres of Roman influence.

Some terra sigillata (Saalburg Museum)

What struck me as an interesting variation when I visited the museum in the Saalburg Fortress was another shelf with larger pots which were decorated with faces. I filed them under the Odd Things Roman category and pretty much forgot about them. Until I today came across a post in Adrian Murdoch's Bread and Circuses blog, linking to an obituary of Jill Braithwaite, an archaeologist specialising in those face pots.
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10 Jan 2009
  Winter Wonderland - Views from my Balcony

This post is a collection of several winter posts with photos taken from my balcony, because I love me some snow (and hoarfrost).

Hoarfrost on the famous tree in front of my balcony

The temperatures demonstrated how far they can get down when they really want. The record was -24°C on the night to Tuesday. And I seem to be the only one to like such temperatures, lol. 
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5 Jan 2009
  Autumn at the Werra / Weser

Autumn is my favourite season, and it has truly arrived here. Not only with the flame coloured leaves and melancholical mists, but also with storms and rain, and the first hoarfrosts.

The Werra, linguistically the same as the Weser (the Roman Visurgis), is another of those typical German rivers surrounded by mountains and fertile plains where the valley widens. It runs through Thuringia and northern Hessia, the ancient land of the Chatti. Like most German rivers, its main direction is south to north to either the Baltic or the North Sea (the Werra / Weser runs into the North Sea).

Werra river in the autumn sun

It is an area rich in history as well, all the way back to the Roman camp in Hedemünden close to where the Werra confluences with the Fulda and is then called Weser. 
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9 Dec 2008
  Chapter Church Quedlinburg

The old town of Quedlinburg is dominated by the Chapter Church St. Servatius (also refered to as Quedlinburg Cathedral) on the Castle Hill. There's no exterior shot except the one on the post about the town because of the scaffolding, but I got some nice interior ones.

Main nave, view to the choir

The hill had been the site of a palatine castle and a chapel when Mathilde, widow of Heinrich I, commissioned the building of a chapter church to replace the smaller chapel where her husband lay entombed. It took from 997 to 1021 for the church to be finished, and after a fire part of it had to be rebuilt. The present church was consecrated in 1129, in presence of King Lothar of Süpplingenburg, the later Emperor and founder of Königslutter Cathedral. Read more »
 


4 Dec 2008
  Aberystwyth Impressions

Aberystwyth was a flyby visit on my way from Pembroke to Caernarfon, though should I ever come to Wales again, I'd like to spend more time there than two hours. It's a lively place because of the many students, but less hectic than Bangor with its connection to the train line to Manchester. An onlinke acquaintacne, James, gave me a qick tour to the promenade and the castle remains.

View to the Pier at low tide

The pier had once been 900 feet long, but only about 300 remain today after the sea reclaimed parts of it. The sea tends to do that; Ceredigion Bay is also the location of the legendary Cantre'r Gwaelod, one of the sunken cities that line the coasts - its legends are related to Kêr Ys in Brittany.
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23 Nov 2008
  XXL Cauldrons, or How to Feed 600 People

The positions in the king's household at the time of Edward II included several that had to do with food and beverages, feeding the king and the royal household. And said household included a good many hungry people.

The kitchen was situated between King's Gate and Well Tower, using the curtain wall as outer wall, and opposite the never finished great hall. The way would have been short but with the Welsh rain (it was one of the two rainy afternoons during my stay) there would have been need of special umbrella bearers nevertheless.

Curtain wall with remains of the kitchens, and the Well Tower (left)

The rather flimsy foundations of the courtyard site wall shows that the kitchen was intended as preliminary structure. At the time of Edward I, with construction work still going on in Caernarfon, there were about 600 people to feed every day, staff, servants (some 350 of those alone) garrison, and workers.
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The Lost Fort is a travel and history blog based on my journeys in Germany and Europe (esp. Northern Europe). It includes virtual town and castle tours with a focus on history, essays on Roman and Medieval history, hiking tours, and photography.

The blog title derives from a story I wrote back in 2005 when I started the blog. I've got used to it albeit it no longer fits the content.


This blog is non-commercial.

All texts and photos (if no other copyright is noted) are copyright of Gabriele Campbell. The use of my texts and photos for AI-training is not allowed.

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Location: Goettingen, Germany

I'm a blogger from Germany, with a MA in Literature and History, interested in everything Roman and Medieval, avid reader and sometimes writer, opera enthusiast, traveller with a liking for foreign languages and odd rocks, photographer, and tea aficionado. And an old-fashioned blogger who refuses to get an Instagram account.

The overview links will lead to the respective section in the sidebar.

Travels: Historical Places

Germany
• Towns
• Castles
• Abbeys and Churches
• Romans Remains
• Neolithicum to Iron Age
• Museums
• Local Tours

England
Scotland
Wales

Denmark
Faroe Islands
Finland
Iceland
Norway
Sweden

Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania

Austria
Czechia
Poland

Belgium
Luxembourg
Netherlands

City Breaks
Cross Border Tours

Landscapes and Geology

Germany
Great Britain
Nordic Countries / Baltics
Central Europe

Historical Essays

Essays about Medieval History

Germany
Great Britain
Scandinavia
Central Europe
Low Countries

Roman History
Neolithicum to Iron Age
Post-Medieval History



Historical Places

Germany

Towns

Bad Sooden-Allendorf
Historical Town and Graduation Tower
Bruchteiche Reservoir

Binz
A Seaside Resort

Braunschweig
History Tidbits
Lion Benches in the Castle Square
Quadriga

Bremerhaven
The Zoo by the Sea

Erfurt
Medieval Erfurt

Goslar
Chapel in the Klus Rock

Lübeck
St. Mary's Church

Magdeburg
Church of Our Lady: Beginnings
Church of Our Lady: Bishop Adalbert II
Church of Our Lady: Reformation

Mainz
Temple of Isis and Mater Magna

Paderborn
Early History

Quedlinburg
Early History
Chapter Church

Speyer
Cathedral
Jewish Ritual Bath

Stralsund
Harbour
Old Town

Tangermünde
History

Treffurt
Medieval Lanes and Old Houses

Trier
Roman Amphitheatre
Aula Palatina
Imperial Baths
Porta Nigra

Weimar
Sites of the Weimar Classicism
Park at the Ilm

Wismar
Old Harbour

Xanten
Roman and Medieval Xanten
Gothic House

Castles

Adelebsen
Keep

Altenstein (Werra)
A Border Castle

Bramburg
Weser River Reivers

Brandenburg (Thuringia)
Beginnings
Albrecht II of Thuringia

Coburg Fortress
History
Architecture

Ebersburg
Marshals of Ebersburg
Architecture

Grebenstein
History

Grubenhagen
History of the Keep

Hanstein
First Impressions and Early History

Hardeg Castle
Great Hall

Hardenberg
History

Heldenburg (Salzderhelden)
A Welfen Seat

Hohnstein (Harz)
Counts of Hohnstein
Between Welfen and Staufen
14th-15th Century

Krukenburg
Built to Protect a Chapel

Kugelsburg
Counts of Everstein
Later Times

Plesse
Counts of Winzenburg
Lords of Plesse
Architecture

Polle Castle
An Everstein Stronghold

Regenstein
History

Reichenbach (Hessia)
History

Scharzfels
History
Architecture

Sababurg
Photo Impressions

Scharfenstein
From Castle to Convention Centre

Sichelnstein
History

Stapelburg
A Little Known Ruin in the Harz

Stauffenburg (Harz)
A Secret Mistress

Trendelburg
Photo Impressions

Wartburg
A Virtual Tour

Weidelsburg
History
Architecture
Revisiting the Weidelsburg

Abbeys and Churches

Bursfelde
Early History of the Abbey

Fredelsloh
Romanesque Basilica

Gehrden
Romanesque Church

Göllingen
Byzantine Crypt

Hahnenklee
Stave Church

Heiligenstadt
Churches St.Martin and St.Mary

Helmarshausen
Remains of the Monastery

Lippoldsberg
Early History of the Abbey
Interior of the Church

Lorsch
Carolingian Gate Hall

Pöhlde
Remains of the Monastery

Scharzfeld (Harz)
Cave Church

Vernawahlshausen
Medieval Murals

Walkenried
Monastery - Introduction

Wiebrechtshausen
Romanesque Church and a Ducal Burial

Wilhelmshausen (Kassel)
Romanesque Church

Roman Remains

Augusta Treverorum / Trier
Amphitheatre
Aula Palatina
Imperial Baths
Porta Nigra
Roman Bridge

Colonia Ulpia Traiana / Xanten
Roman Xanten
Amphitheatre in Birten

Haltern am See
Romans in Haltern
Playmobil Romans, LWL Museum Haltern
Varus Statue in Haltern am See

Limes Fort Aalen
Barracks

Limes Fort Osterburken
Discovery
Cohort castellum
Annex Fort
Garrisons

Limes Fort Saalburg
A Reconstructed Limes Fort
Main Gate and Walls
Vicus
Shrine of the Standards

Military Sites
Hedemünden
Kalefeld-Harzhorn
Kalkriese

Romans at the Moselle
Romans at the Moselle
Villa Urbana in Longuich

Romans at the Rhine
Boppard - Roman Baudobriga
Villa in Wachenheim

Neolithicum to Iron Age

Neolithic Burials
Neolithic Burials in the Everstorf Forest and Rugia
Necropolis of Oldendorf

Bronze Age / Iron Age
Bronze and Iron Age Remains at the Werra
Hutewald Project in the Solling

Museums / Reconstructed Sites

Palatine Seat Tilleda
Defenses

Viking Settlement Haithabu
Nydam Ship

Open Air Museums
European Bread Museum Ebergötzen
Open Air Museum Oerlinghausen

Post-Mediaeval Exhibits
Historical Guns, Coburg Fortress
Vintage Car Museum, Wolfsburg

Local Tours

German Baltic Sea Coast, Part 1 / Part 2
Bavarian Towns
Harz Tours
At Saale and Unstrut
Summer Tours 2016
Thuringian Castles


England

Northumbria Tour

Towns

Chester
Roman and Medieval Chester

Hexham
Abbey - Introduction
Old Gaol

York
Clifford Tower
Guild Hall
Monk Bar Gate with Richard III Museum
Museum Gardens: St. Mary and Roman Tower
Houses in the Old Town
Tour on the Ouse River
York Minster: Architecture

Castles

Carlisle
History

Richmond
Conquest to King John
Henry III to the Tudors
Architecture

Scarborough
Romans to the Tudors
Civil War to the Present
Architecture

Roman Remains

Eboracum / York
Roman Bath in the Fortress

The Hadrian's Wall
Introduction

Hadrian's Wall: Birdoswald
Dark Age Timber Halls

Hadrian's Wall: Segedunum
Museum and Viewing Tower
Baths

Other Roman Sites
Mithraeum at Brocolita
Signal Station at Scarborough


Scotland

Scotland Tour

Towns

Edinburgh
Views from the Castle

Stirling
Wallace Monument

Castles

Doune
A Virtual Tour
Early Stewart Kings
Royal Dower House

Duart Castle
Guarding the Sound of Mull

Dunstaffnage
An Ancient MacDougall Stronghold
Wars of Independence
The Campbells Are Coming
Dunstaffnage Chapel

Stirling
Robert the Bruce

Abbeys and Churches

Inchcolm
Arriving at Inchcolm Abbey

Neolithicum to Iron Age

Neolithic Orkney
Ring of Brodgar
Skara Brae

Brochs and Cairns
Clava Cairns
Brochs of Gurness and Midhowe - Introduction

Picts and Dalriatans
Dunadd Hill Fort
Staffa


Wales

Towns

Aberystwyth
Castle and Coast

Caerleon
Ffwrwm
Roman Amphitheatre
Baths in the Legionary Fort

Conwy
Smallest House in Great Britain

Castles

Beaumaris
History
Architecture

Caernarfon
Master James of St.George
Castle Kitchens

Cardiff
From Romans to Victorians

Chepstow
Beginnings unto Bigod
Edward II to the Tudors
Civil War

Conwy
History
Architecture

Criccieth
Llywelyn's Buildings
King Edward's Buildings

Manorbier
The Pleasantest Spot in Wales

Pembroke
Photo Impressions

Roman Remains

Isca Silurum / Caerleon
Amphitheatre
Baths in the Legionary Fort


Denmark

Denmark Tour Part 1 / Part 2

Castles

Egeskov Castle
Gardens


Faroe Islands

Some Information about the Faroes


Finland

Towns

Porvoo
Medieval Porvoo


Iceland

Iceland Cruise


Norway

Hurtigruten Tour

Castles and Fortresses

Akershus Fortress in Oslo
History
Architecture

Vardøhus Fortress
History

Museums

Fram Museum in Oslo


Sweden

Neolithicum to Iron Age

Gotland
Gnisvärd Ship Setting

Museums

Vasa Museum in Stockholm
Raising the Vasa Wreck


Estonia

Towns

Tallinn
History of Medieval Tallinn


Latvia

Towns

Riga
History of Medieval Riga


Lithuania

Towns

Lithuania Tour Part 1 / Part 2

Vilnius
Photo Impressions


Austria

Towns

Salzburg
Tour of the Town


Czechia

Czechia Tour

Towns

Cheb / Eger
The Old Town

Karlovy Vary / Karlsbad
Brief History of the Town

Kutná Hora
Sedlec Ossuary
Medieval Town and St.Barbara's Church


Poland

Poland Tour

Towns

Gdańsk / Danzig
History of Medieval Gdańsk
Medieval and Renaissance Gdańsk

Kraków
Old Town
Jewish Kraków - Kazimierz and the Ghetto

Wrocław / Breslau
Botanical Garden
Wrocław Dwarfs

Castles

Ogrodzieniec Castle
A Virtual Tour
First Castle to the Boner Family


Belgium

Towns

Antwerp
Old Town

Bruges
Medieval Bruges

Ghent
Medieval Ghent

Tongeren
Tour of the Historical Town


Luxembourg

Luxembourg City
Tour of the Town


Netherlands

River Cruise through the Netherlands

Parks and Palaces
Keukenhof Park


City Breaks

Strasbourg (France)
A Tour of the Town

St. Petersburg (Russia)
Impressions from the Neva River


Cross Border Tours

Baltic Sea and Baltic Countries
Baltic Sea Cruise
Latvia, Estonia, and Finland, Part 1
Latvia, Estonia, and Finland, Part 2

Photo Collections
Lithuania and Germany
Baltics and Helsinki


Landscapes and Geology

Germany

Baltic Sea Coast
Flensburg Firth
Impressions from Rugia
Rugia: Flint Fields
Rugia: Jasmund Peninsula and Kap Arkona
Rugia: The Pier of Sellin
A Tour on the Wakenitz River

Gardens and Parks
Botanical Garden in Göttingen
Hardenberg Castle Gardens
Winter at the Kiesteiche Park, Göttingen

Hainich
Oberderdorla and Hainich National Park

Harz
Arboretum Bad Grund / Hübichenstein
Bode Valley and Rosstrappe Cliff
Daneil's Cave
Devil's Wall
Ilse Valley and Ilse's Rock
Klus Rock
Lonau Falls
Oderteich Reservoir
Rappbode Reservoir
Rhume Springs
Southern Harz Karst

Lüneburg Heath
Hiking in the Lüneburg Heath

Meissner-Kaufunger Wald
Blue Dome near Eschwege
Hiking in the Meissner Mountains
Hessian Switzerland
Rossbach Heath
Salt Springs at the Werra

Reinhardswald
Old Forest at the Sababurg

Rivers and Lakes
Autumn at Werra/Weser
Danube in Spring
Edersee Reservoir
A Rainy Rhine Cruise
Vineyards at Saale/Unstrut
Weser River Ferry
Weser Skywalk

Solling-Vogler
Forest Pasture Project
Hannover Cliffs
Raised Bog Mecklenbruch

Wildlife
Zoo am Meer Bremerhaven
Harz Falcon Park
Ozeaneum Stralsund: Baltic Sea Life
Ozeaneum Stralsund: North Sea Life
Red squirrels

Fossils and Rocks
Fossilized Ammonites


Great Britain

The East Coast
By Ferry to Newcastle
Impressions from the East Coast

Scottish Sea Shores
Crossing to Mull
Mull: Craignure to Fionnphort
Dunollie and Kilchurn
Highlands: Inverness to John o'Groats
Pentland Firth
Staffa
Summer in Oban

Scotland by Train
West Highland Railway

Wales
Some pretty Views

Wildlife
Sea Gulls


Nordic Countries / Baltics

Baltic Countries
Beaches on the Curonian Spit
Geology of the Curonian Spit

Faroe Islands
Faroe Impressions

Iceland
Iceland Impressions

Norway: Coasts and Fjords
Fjords of South-Western Norway
Hurtigruten: A Voyage into Winter
Hurtigruten: Light and Shadows
Lysefjord: Geology

Norway by Train
From Oslo to Bergen
From Trondheim to Oslo

Wildlife
Bearded Seals
Dog Sledding With Huskies
Eagles and Gulls in the Trollfjord


Central Europe

Czechia
The Loket Meteorite

Poland
The Botanical Garden in Wrocław


Historical Essays

Essays about Medieval History

Medieval Arts and Technologies

Medieval Art
Choir Screen in the Cathedral of Mainz
The Gospels of Heinrich the Lion
Hunting Frieze in Königslutter Cathedral
Viking Treasure of Hiddensee

Craftmanship
Goldsmithery
Medical Instruments

Historical Ships
Nydam Ship
Vasa

Warfare
Trebuchets

Northern Crusades

The Wendish Crusades
German Expansion East of the Elbe in the 10th and 11th Centuries

Crusades in Poland and the Baltic States
Conquest of Danzig
German Sword Brothers and the Danish Duchy of Estonia
Teutonic Knights and the Bishops of Riga
Siege of Vilnius 1390

The Hanseatic League

History of the Hanseatic League
Introduction and Beginnings

Hanseatic Architecture
Examples of Brick Architecture
Hall Houses (Dielenhäuser)

Goods and Trade
Stockfish Trade


Germany

List of Medieval German Emperors
Anglo-German Marriage Connections

Kings and Emperors

The Salian Dynasty
King Heinrich IV

House Luxembourg
King Sigismund of Luxembourg

Princes, Dukes, and Lords

House Welfen
Emperor Otto IV
Heinrich the Lion's Ancestors
Dukes of Braunschweig-Grubenhagen
Otto I of Braunschweig-Göttingen

House Wittelsbach
Jacoba of Bavaria-Holland

The Landgraves of Thuringia
Ludowing Landgraves of Thuringia
Albrecht II and Friedrich I of Thuringia

Counts and Lords
Marshals of Ebersburg
Counts of Everstein
Counts of Hohnstein
Lords of Plesse
Counts of Reichenbach
Counts of Winzenburg

Feuds and Rebellions

Royal Troubles
Otto IV and Bishop Adalbert II of Magdeburg

Local Feuds
Lüneburg Succession War
Thuringian Succession War
Star Wars


Great Britain

Kings of England

House Plantagenet
Richard Lionheart in Speyer

House Lancaster
King Henry IV's Lithuanian Crusade

Dukes of Brittany

Uneasy Relationships
Normans, Britons, Angevins
Earls of Richmond

Kings of Scots

House Dunkeld
Malcolm III and Northumbria
Fight for the Throne: Malcolm III to David I
King David and the Civil War, 1
King David and the Civil War, 2

Houses Bruce and Stewart
Early Stewart Kings

Welsh Princes

The Princes of Gwynedd
Rise of House Aberffraw

Conflicts and Rebellions

The Scottish Wars of Independence
Alexander of Argyll
Fight for Stirling Castle

The Welsh Rebellions
Llywellyn ap Gruffudd to Owain Glyn Dŵr


Scandinavia

Kings of Denmark

House Knýtlinga
Harald Bluetooth's Flight to Pomerania

Kings of Norway

Foreign Relations
King Eirik's Scottish Marriages
King Håkon V's Swedish Politics
Beginnings of the Kalmar Union

Feuds and Rebellions

Alv Erlingsson of Tønsberg


Central Europe

Bohemia

Bohemian Kings of House Luxembourg
King Sigismund and the Hussite Wars

Poland / Polish-Lithuanian Union

The Jagiełłonian Kings
Władysław Jagiełło and the Beginning of the Union


Low Countries

Noble Families

The Counts of Hainaut/Holland-Zeeland
Philip III of Burgundy and Jacoba of Holland's Heritage


Roman History

Roman Forts and Fortifications

The German Limes
Cavalry Fort Aalen
Limes Fort Osterburken
Limes Fort Saalburg

The Hadrian's Wall
Introduction
Fort at Segedunum / Wallsend

Border Life
Exercise Halls
Mile Castles and Watch Towers
Soldiers' Living Quarters
Cavalry Barracks

Campaigns and Battles

Maps
The Romans in Germania

The Pre-Varus Invasion in Germania
Roman Camp Hedemünden
New Finds in 2008

The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest
Museum Park at Kalkriese

The Battle at the Harzhorn
Introduction

The Batavian Rebellion
A Short Introduction

Roman Militaria

Armour
Early Imperial Helmets
Late Roman Helmets
The Negau B Helmet

Weapons
Weapon Finds at Hedemünden
The pilum
Daggers
Swords

Other Equipment
Roman Saddles

Infrastructure
Roman River Transport

Religion and Public Life

Religion
Curse Tablets and Good Luck Charms
Isis Worship
Memorial Stones
Mithras Cult

Domestic Life

Roman villae
Villa Urbana Longuich
Villa Rustica Wachenheim

Everyday Life
Bathing Habits
Children's Toys
Face Pots


Neolithicum to Iron Age

Neolithicum

Neolithic Remains in Germany
Stone Burials of the Funnelbeaker Culture
Necropolis of Oldendorf

Neolithic Orkney
Neolithic Landscape of Orkney
Ring of Brodgar
Skara Brae
Life in Skara Brae

Bronze Age to Iron Age

Bronze Age / Iron Age in Germany and Scandianvia
Nydam Ship
Ship Setting of Gnisvärd, Gotland

Bronze Age / Iron Age in Scotland
Clava Cairns
Brochs of Gurness and Midhowe - Their Function in Iron Age Society


Post-Medieval History

Personalities of the 19th Century
Prince Wilhelm Malte of Putbus

Development of Technologies
Otto von Guericke and the Magdeburg Hemispheres
Attempts at Raising the Vasa Wreck
History of the Zoo am Meer, Bremerhaven

Explorers
Fram Expedition to the North Pole
Fram Expedition to the South Pole

Arts and Literature
Weimar Classicism